Rearuh

The SASM/GNC/SRC romanization of Tibetan, commonly known as Tibetan pinyin, is the official transcription system for the Tibetan language in the People's Republic of China for personal names and place names.^{[citation needed]} It is based on the Lhasa dialect of Standard Tibetan and reflects the pronunciation^{[citation needed]} except that it does not mark tone. It is used within China as an alternative to the Wylie transliteration for writing Tibetan in the Latin script^{[citation needed]} within academic circles; Wylie transliteration (with a v replacing the apostrophe) is more commonly used.

Overview

Onsets overview

Independent onsets in the initial syllable of a word are transcribed as follows:

.mw-parser-output .uchen{font-family:"Qomolangma-Dunhuang","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung","Qomolangma-Uchen Suring","Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung","Qomolangma-Title","Qomolangma-Subtitle","Qomolangma-Woodblock","DDC Uchen","DDC Rinzin",Kailash,"BabelStone Tibetan",Jomolhari,"TCRC Youtso Unicode","Tibetan Machine Uni",Wangdi29,"Noto Sans Tibetan","Microsoft Himalaya"}.mw-parser-output .ume{font-family:"Qomolangma-Betsu","Qomolangma-Chuyig","Qomolangma-Drutsa","Qomolangma-Edict","Qomolangma-Tsumachu","Qomolangma-Tsuring","Qomolangma-Tsutong","TibetanSambhotaYigchung","TibetanTsugRing","TibetanYigchung"} ཀ་	ཁ་ ག་	ང་	ཅ་	ཆ་ ཇ་	ཉ་	ཏ་	ཐ་ ད་	ན་	པ་	ཕ་ བ་	མ་	ཙ་	ཚ་ ཛ་	ཝ་	ཞ་ ཤ་	ཟ་ ས་	ཡ་	ར་	ལ་	ཧ་	ཀྱ་	ཁྱ་ གྱ་	ཀྲ་	ཁྲ་ གྲ་	ཧྲ་	ལྷ་	རྷ་
g	k	ng	j	q	ny	d	t	n	b	p	m	z	c	w	x	s	y	r	l	h	gy	ky	zh	ch	sh	lh	rh

For more general case, see #Onsets.

Vowels and final consonant

The 17 vowels of the Lhasa dialect are represented in as follows:

IPA	Tibetan pinyin	IPA	Tibetan pinyin
i	i	ĩ	in
e	ê	ẽ	en
ɛ	ai/ä	ɛ̃	ain/än
a	a	ã	an
u	u	ũ	un
o	o	õ	on
ɔ	o
y	ü	ỹ	ün
ø	oi/ö	ø̃	oin/ön

Ending a syllable, -r is usually not pronounced, but it lengthens the preceding vowel. In the same place, -n usually nasalises the preceding vowel. Consonants at the end of a syllable are transcribed as follows:

IPA	Tibetan pinyin
p	b
ʔ	g/—
r	r
m	m
ŋ	ng

Single syllable orthography

The tone of a syllable depends mostly on its initial consonant. In this table, each initial is given in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) with the vowel a and a tone mark to present tone register (high/low).

Onsets

Below is a comprehensive transcription table of onsets of an initial syllable of a word. If the syllable to transcribe is not the first syllable of a word, see #Onset variation.

IPA	Wylie transliteration	Tibetan pinyin
pá	p, sp, dp, lp	b
pà	rb, sb, sbr	b
mpà	lb, ’b	b
pʰá	ph, ’ph	p
pʰà	b	p
má	rm, sm, dm, smr	m
mà	m, mr	m
wà	w, db, b^[1]	w
tá	t, rt, lt, st, tw, gt, bt, brt, blt, bst, bld	d
ntá	lth	d
tà	rd, sd, gd, bd, brd, bsd	d
ntà	zl, bzl, ld, md, ’d	d
tʰá	th, mth, ’th	t
tʰà	d, dw	t
ná	rn, sn, gn, brn, bsn, mn	n
nà	n	n
lá	kl, gl, bl, rl, sl, brl, bsl	l
là	l, lw	l
l̥á	lh	lh
tsá	ts, rts, sts, rtsw, stsw, gts, bts, brts, bsts	z
tsà	rdz, gdz, brdz	z
ntsà	mdz, ’dz	z
tsʰá	tsh, tshw, mtsh, ’tsh	c
tsʰà	dz	c
sá	s, sr, sw, gs, bs, bsr	s
sà	z, zw, gz, bz	s
ʈʂá	kr, rkr, lkr, skr, tr, pr, lpr, spr, dkr, dpr, bkr, bskr, bsr	zh
ʈʂà	rgr, lgr, sgr, dgr, dbr, bsgr, rbr, lbr, sbr	zh
ɳʈʂà	mgr, ’gr, ’dr, ’br	zh
ʈʂʰá	khr, thr, phr, mkhr, ’khr, ’phr	ch
ʈʂʰà	gr, dr, br, grw	ch
ʂá	hr	sh
rà	r, rw	r
r̥á	rh	rh
cá	ky, rky, lky, sky, dky, bky, brky, bsky	gy
cà	rgy, lgy, sgy, dgy, bgy, brgy, bsgy	gy
ɲcà	mgy, ’gy	gy
cʰá	khy, mkhy, ’khy	ky
cʰà	gy	ky
tɕá	c, cw, gc, bc, lc, py, lpy, spy, dpy	j
tɕà	rby, lby, sby, rj, gj, brj, dby	j
ɲtɕà	lj, mj, ’j, ’by	j
tɕʰá	ch, mch, ’ch, phy, ’phy	q
tɕʰà	j, by	q
ɕá	sh, shw, gsh, bsh	x
ɕà	zh, zhw, gzh, bzh	x
ɲá	rny, sny, gny, brny, bsny, mny, nyw, rmy, smy	ny
ɲà	ny, my	ny
já	g.y	y
jà	y	y
ká	k, rk, lk, sk, kw, dk, bk, brk, bsk	g
kà	rg, lg, sg, dg, bg, brg, bsg	g
ŋkà	lg, mg, ’g	g
kʰá	kh, khw, mkh, ’kh	k
kʰà	g, gw	k
ŋá	rng, lng, sng, dng, brng, bsng, mng	ng
ŋà	ng	ng
ʔá	—, db	—
ʔà	’	—
há	h, hw	h

Rimes

Below is a comprehensive transcription table of rimes of a final syllable of a word, with IPA transcription for the Lhasa dialect.^[2] If the syllable to transcribe is not the final syllable of a word, see Coda variation.

Take "ཨ" to be the consonant (not "◌").

ཨ།	ཨའུ།	ཨར།	ཨལ། ཨའི།	ཨག། ཨགས།	ཨབ། ཨབས།	ཨད། ཨས།	ཨང༌། ཨངས།	ཨམ། ཨམས།	ཨན།
a	au	ar	ai/ä	ag	ab	ai/ä	ang	am	ain/än
[a]	[au̯]	[aː]	[ɛ:]	[aʡ]	[əp̚]	[ɛ]	[aŋ]	[am]	[ɛ̃ː]
ཨི།	ཨིའུ། ཨེའུ།	ཨིར།	ཨིལ། ཨའི།	ཨིག། ཨིགས།	ཨིབ། ཨིབས།	ཨིད། ཨིས།	ཨིང༌། ཨིངས།	ཨིམ། ཨིམས།	ཨིན།
i	iu	ir	i	ig	ib	i	ing	im	in
[i]	[iu̯]	[iː]	[iː]	[iʡ]	[ip̚]	[i]	[iŋ]	[im]	[ĩː]
ཨུ།		ཨུར།	ཨུལ། ཨུའི།	ཨུག། ཨུགས།	ཨུབ། ཨུབས།	ཨུད། ཨུས།	ཨུང༌། ཨུངས།	ཨུམ། ཨུམས།	ཨུན།
u		ur	ü	ug	ub	ü	ung	um	ün
[u]		[uː]	[yː]	[uʡ]	[up̚]	[y]	[uŋ]	[um]	[ỹː]
ཨེ།		ཨེར།	ཨེལ། ཨེའི།	ཨེག། ཨེགས།	ཨེབ། ཨེབས།	ཨེད། ཨེས།	ཨེང༌། ཨེངས།	ཨེམ། ཨེམས།	ཨེན།
ê		êr	ê	êg	êb	ê	êng	êm	ên
[e]		[eː]	[eː]	[eʡ]	[ep̚]	[e]	[eŋ]	[em]	[ẽː]
ཨོ།		ཨོར།	ཨོལ། ཨོའི།	ཨོག། ཨོགས།	ཨོབ། ཨོབས།	ཨོད། ཨོས།	ཨོང༌། ཨོངས།	ཨོམ། ཨོམས།	ཨོན།
o		or	oi/ö	og	ob	oi/ö	ong	om	oin/ön
[o]		[oː]	[øː]	[oʡ]	[op̚]	[ø]	[oŋ]	[om]	[ø̃ː]

Intersyllable influence

Onset variation

Bare low aspirated variation

k*, q*, t*, p*, x*, s*, ky*, ch* become g*, j*, d*, b*, ?*, ?*, gy*, zh* respectively

pa* (་བ) and po* (་བོ) become wa and wo respectively

Coda variation

Ngoinjug of next syllable
Prenasalization of next syllable

Examples

Sometimes there is intersyllablic influence:

Tibetan script	Tibetan pinyin	Wylie (EWTS)	Lhasa IPA	Explanation
མ་ཕམ་གཡུ་མཚོ།	Mapam Yumco	ma-pham g.yu-mtsho	[mapʰam jumtsʰo]	forward shift of prefix མ
ཁྲ་འབྲུག་དགོན་པ།	Changzhug Gönba	khra-’brug dgon-pa	[ʈ͡ʂʰaŋʈ͡ʂ˭uk k˭ø̃p˭a]

Examples

Tibetan Script	Wylie	Tibetan pinyin	Tournadre	other transcriptions
གཞིས་ཀ་རྩེ	Gzhis-ka-rtse	Xigazê	Zhikatse	Shigatse, Shikatse
བཀྲ་ཤིས་ལྷུན་པོ་	Bkra-shis-lhun-po	Zhaxilhünbo	Trashilhünpo	Tashilhunpo, Tashilhümpo, etc.
འབྲས་སྤུང་	’Bras-spung	Zhaibung	Dräpung	Drebung
ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་	Chos-kyi Rgyal-mtshan	Qoigyi Gyaicain	Chökyi Gyältshän	Choekyi Gyaltsen
ཐུབ་བསྟན་རྒྱ་མཚོ་	Thub-bstan Rgya-mtsho	Tubdain Gyaco	Thuptän Gyatsho	Thubten Gyatso, Thubtan Gyatso, Thupten Gyatso

Notes

^ as in Namjagbarwa

^ Brush, Beaumont. "The Status of Coronal in the Historical Development of Lhasa Tibetan Rhymes" (PDF). SIL. Retrieved 9 May 2015..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}

References

.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}

Zhōngguó Shǎoshù mínzúyǔ dìmíng hànyǔ pīnyīn Zìmǔ yīnyì zhuǎnxiěfǎ 中国少数民族语地名汉语拼音字母音译转写法^{[permanent dead link]}

Guójiā cèhuìjú dìmíng yánjiūsuǒ 国家测绘局地名研究所 (Institute for Place Names of the State Survey Bureau; ed.). Zhōngguó dìmínglù 中国地名录 / Gazetteer of China. (Beijing, SinoMaps Press 中国地图出版社 1997);
ISBN 7-5031-1718-4. Contains official spellings for place names.

Zàngwén Pīnyīn Jiàocái – Lāsàyīn 藏文拼音教材•拉萨音 / bod yig gi sgra sbyor slob deb, lha sa'i skad (Course in the Pöyig Kigajor of Lhasa dialect; Běijīng 北京, Mínzú chūbǎnshè 民族出版社 1983),
ISBN 7-105-02577-8. Pöyig Kigajor (ZWPY) is a modified version of the official transcription "Tibetan pinyin" (ZYPY), with tone letters.

Wylie, Turrell: A Standard System of Tibetan Transcription In: Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 1959, p. 261-267.

David Germano, Nicolas Tournadre: THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription of Standard Tibetan (Tibetan & Himalayan Library, December 12, 2003).

The Transliteration and Transcription of Tibetan (Tibetan & Himalayan Library)

Romanization of Tibetan Geographical Names – UNGEGN

[1] s in Namjagbarwa

[2] Brush, Beaumont. "The Status of Coronal in the Historical Development of Lhasa Tibetan Rhymes" (PDF). SIL. Retrieved 9 May 2015..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}

v t e Tibetan language topics
Tibetic languages Old Tibetan Classical Tibetan Standard Tibetan Grammar
Script: Umê (Zhuza, Bêcug), Uchen (Chuyik/Khyungyik), Bamyik Braille Regional (Joyig, Monyig and Lhoyig)
Transcription: Wylie, Tibetan pinyin, THL Transcription

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Rearuh

Tibetan pinyin

Contents

Overview

Onsets overview

Vowels and final consonant

Single syllable orthography

Onsets

Rimes

Intersyllable influence

Onset variation

Coda variation

Examples

Examples

See also

Notes

References

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