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計算神經科學（Computational neuroscience）為一種跨領域科學，包含神經科學、認知科學、資訊工程、電腦科學、物理學及數學。

這個詞首次出現於1985年，由史瓦茲（英语：Eric L. Schwartz）於加州卡莫市主辦的會議中提出。其後出現的類似名詞包含神经模型、脑理论及神经网络。後來相關的解釋定義皆收錄於麻省理工學院出版(1990)之《計算神經科學》（Computational Neuroscience ）一書內。有關此領域的研究最早可追溯自艾倫·勞埃德·霍奇金與安德魯·赫胥黎、大衛·休伯爾與托斯坦·威澤爾，以及大衛·馬爾等人。以及艾倫·勞埃德·霍奇金與安德魯·赫胥黎發明电压钳技术（英语：Voltage clamp），首次成功的將動作電位數值化。大衛·休伯爾及托斯坦·威澤爾則發現主要視覺皮質區(primary visual cortex)，此區負責處理由虹膜傳來的第一手訊息，將接收區與彙整區做出整理（大衛·休伯爾與托斯坦·威澤爾, 1962)。

參見

• 联结主义


• 电生理学


• 脑机接口


• 憶阻器


• 神经工程


• 神经信息学


• 意识上传

参考资料

參考文獻

• 
  Chklovskii DB. Synaptic connectivity and neuronal morphology: two sides of the same coin. Neuron. 2004, 43 (5): 609–17. PMID 15339643. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.08.012. 
  


• 
  Sejnowski, Terrence J.; Churchland, Patricia Smith. The computational brain. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. 1992. ISBN 0-262-03188-4. 
  


• 
  Abbott, L. F.; Dayan, Peter. Theoretical neuroscience: computational and mathematical modeling of neural systems. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. 2001. ISBN 0-262-04199-5. 
  


• 
  Hodgkin AL, Huxley AF. A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve. J Physiol. (Lond.). 28 August 1952, 117 (4): 500–44. PMC 1392413. PMID 12991237. 
  


• 
  William Bialek; Rieke, Fred; David Warland; Rob de Ruyter van Steveninck. Spikes: exploring the neural code. Cambridge, Mass: MIT. 1999. ISBN 0-262-68108-0. 
  


• 
  Schutter, Erik de. Computational neuroscience: realistic modeling for experimentalists. Boca Raton: CRC. 2001. ISBN 0-8493-2068-2. 
  


• 
  Sejnowski, Terrence J.; Hemmen, J. L. van. 23 problems in systems neuroscience. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. 2006. ISBN 0-19-514822-3. 
  


• 
  Michael A. Arbib, Shun-ichi Amari, Prudence H. Arbib. The Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. 2002. ISBN 0-262-01197-2. 
  

外部連結

相關期刊

• Network: Computation in Neural Systems


• Biological Cybernetics


• Journal of Computational Neuroscience


• Neural Computation


• Neural Networks


• Neurocomputing


• Cognitive Neurodynamics

相關軟體

• 
  Brian, a simulator for spiking neural networks.


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  Emergent（英语：Emergent (software)）, neural simulation software.


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  Genesis, a general neural simulation system.


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  HHsim, a neuronal membrane simulator.


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  HNeT, Holographic Neural Technology.


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  MCell, A Monte Carlo Simulator of Cellular Microphysiology.


• 
  ModelDB, a large open-access database of program codes of published computational neuroscience models.


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  NEST, a simulation tool for large neuronal systems.


• 
  Neuroconstruct, software for developing biologically realistic 3D neural networks.


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  Neurofitter, a parameter tuning package for electrophysiological neuron models.


• 
  Neurojet^{[永久失效連結]}, a neural network simulator specialized for the hippocampus.


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  NEURON, a neuron simulator also useful to simulate neural networks.


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  Neurospaces, an efficient neural simulation system that uses software engineering principles from the industry.


• 
  Neuroscience related Python tools
  
  • pyNN
  
  


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  PyDSTool^{[永久失效連結]}, a simulator and dynamical systems analysis tool with biophysical neuron and network model specification/construction and data analysis toolboxes.


• 
  SNNAP, a single neuron and neural network simulator tool.

國際會議

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  Computational and Systems Neuroscience (COSYNE)– a computational neuroscience meeting with a systems neuroscience focus.


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  Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting (CNS)– a yearly computational neuroscience meeting.


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  Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS)– a leading annual conference covering other machine learning topics as well.


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  Computational Cognitive Neuroscience Conference (CCNC)^{[永久失效連結]}– a yearly conference.


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  International Conference on Cognitive Neurodynamics (ICCN)– a yearly conference.


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  UK Mathematical Neurosciences Meeting– a new yearly conference, focused on mathematical aspects.


• 
  The NeuroComp Conference– a yearly computational neuroscience conference (France)

相關網站

• Perlewitz's computational neuroscience on the web


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  compneuro.org, books and programs for neural modeling


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  Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience, part of Scholarpedia, an online expert curated encyclopedia on computational neuroscience, dynamical systems and machine intelligence


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  NeuroWiki^{[永久失效連結]}, a wiki discussion forum about neuroscience research, especially systems, theoretical/computational, and cognitive neuroscience