文种




文种（?－前472年），又作文仲，一名會，字子禽，楚国郢（今湖北省江陵北）人，春秋末期著名的谋略家，後輔佐越國打敗吳王夫差，功高震主，遭越王句踐賜死。



早年


在楚平王時曾任縣令，後投奔越王句践，作為谋臣，为勾践灭吴制定了稱為“伐吳七術”的七种方案，和范蠡一起为勾践復國立下赫赫功劳。前472年，灭吴后，自觉功高，不听从范蠡劝告隱居，继续留在朝中。



鳥盡弓藏


范蠡退隱後，不忍文种遭毒手，自齊國發書給文種，要他離開：「蜚（飛）鳥盡，良弓藏；狡兔死，走狗烹。越王為人長頸鳥喙，可與共患難，不可與共樂。子何不去？」。文種讀畢便稱病不朝，但卻為人誣陷有謀反之心，句踐便賜剑給文種說：「子教寡人伐吳七術，寡人用其三而敗吳，其四在子，子為我從先王試之。」文種自知為勾踐所不容，自刎而死。[1]後人以成語鳥盡弓藏概括其下場。


現時位於浙江省绍兴市的府山公園越王殿中有刻石像，府山望海亭東側有文種墓。


参见：韓信 § 鳥盡弓藏


參考文獻





  1. ^ 维基文库中有關史記卷四十一 越王勾踐世家的文本




Chunqiu map-zh-classical.png  这是一个关于春秋人物的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。







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