马列尔事件






马列尔事件中乘船逃至美国的古巴难民


马列尔事件（英语：Mariel boatlift，西班牙語：Éxodo del Mariel）是指1980年4月15日至10月31日间发生的移民事件，也是20世纪世界上最大规模的移民事件之一。当时大批古巴人从古巴马列尔港逃难至美国。英语和西班牙语中“Marielito”（马列尔来的家伙）一词即是指此次事件中的难民。


1980年4月，有许多古巴人闯入秘鲁驻古巴大使馆，要求政治避难。最后古巴领导人菲德尔·卡斯特罗决定不再阻拦，开放港口控制，让这些人可以离开古巴。于是，几十艘从迈阿密来的轮船抵达马列尔港，将大量古巴人送往美国。与此同时，卡斯特罗决定趁机将许多罪犯、精神病人等一起送上前往美国的轮船。七个月间，总共有12.5万古巴难民逃至佛罗里达州迈阿密。这一事件给时任美国总统吉米·卡特的政府带来了政治难题，最终两国政府于10月底达成协议终止了这一事件。该事件不仅对古巴有着巨大的影响，10万名最后留在迈阿密的古巴难民也对这座城市造成了明显的冲击，影响至今尤存。[1][2]



参见


  • 古美关系


参考文献





  1. ^ 西媒回顾"马列尔事件"：近两万古巴罪犯闯入美国. 参考消息. 2015-09-18. 


  2. ^ 哈瓦那之春. 南风窗. 2008-03-25. 









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