阴极射线管

Multi tool use

彩色陰極射線管的剖面圖:
1. 電子鎗
2. 電子束
3. 聚焦線圈
4. 偏向線圈
5. 陽極接點
6. 電子束遮罩區隔顏色區域
7. 螢光幕分別有紅綠藍螢光劑分區塗佈
8. 彩色螢光幕内側的放大圖
陰極射線管(Cathode ray tube,縮寫:CRT,又称“显像管”、布劳恩管)是一种用于显示系统的物理仪器,曾广泛应用于示波器、电视机和显示器上。它是利用陰極電子槍發射電子,在陽極高壓的作用下,射向螢光屏,使螢光粉發光,同時電子束在偏轉磁場的作用下,作上下左右的移動來達到掃描的目的。早期的阴极射线管僅能顯示光線的強弱,展現黑白畫面。而彩色阴极射线管具有紅色、綠色和藍色三支電子槍,三支電子槍同時發射電子打在螢幕玻璃上磷化物上來顯示顏色。
由于它笨重、耗電且較佔空間,不適合用於便攜設備,而且使用材料多,已很難壓低生產成本,2000年代起幾乎被輕巧、省電且省空間的液晶显示器取代。陰極射線管的市場剩下極重視色彩表現、需要極高反應速度及低溫環境下等特殊用途。
歷史
最早的阴极射线管是由英國人威廉·克魯克斯首创,可以發出射線,這種陰極射線管被称为克鲁克斯管。
德國人卡尔·费迪南德·布劳恩在陰極射線管上塗佈螢光物質,此種陰極射線映像管被稱為布劳恩管,在德國、日本等地,仍廣泛使用布劳恩管這一稱呼。
映像管的種類
- 磁場偏向型:以磁場令電子束產生偏向,產生磁場的偏向線圈附加在陰極射線管頸部外側。電視機和电脑显示器使用此種方式的映像管。
- 電場偏向型:以電場令電子束產生偏向,產生電場的偏向極板內建在陰極射線管內部。示波器使用此種方式的映像管,以利應付不同的掃描頻率,但此方式需要較長的管身,主要用於電子儀器。
威廉士管:具有記憶保持功能的特殊陰極射線管。
外部連結
显示器科技
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显示器 |
已停產 |
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当前 |
- 電致發光顯示器 (ELD)
- 真空荧光显示器 (VFD)
- 发光二极管 (LED)
液晶显示器 (LCD)(TN液晶、STN液晶、TFT;Blue phase、IPS、VA;CCFL背光、LED背光)
- 數位光處理 (DLP)
- 液晶覆硅 (LCOS)
- 氧化銦鎵鋅(IGZO)
- 小尺寸主動矩陣有機發光二極體(AMOLED)
- 量子點顯示器 (QDLED)
- Eidophor
等離子顯示屏 (PDP)
电子纸
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下一代 |
有机发光半导体 (OLED)/大尺寸AMOLED
- 有机发光晶体管 (OLET)
微發光二極體顯示器(Micro LED)/Mini LED
- 表面传导电子发射显示器 (SED)
- 场发射显示器 (FED)
- 有源驅動鐵電液晶顯示器 (FLCD)
激光电视
- 磁液显示器 (FLD)
- 干涉测量调节显示器 (IMOD)
- 厚膜電致發光 (TDEL)
- 时序复用光学快门 (TMOS)
- 伸縮像素顯示器 (TPD)
- 雷射熒光顯示器 (LPD)
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非影片
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- 机械七段数字显示
- 机械翻页显示
- 点阵磁翻显示
- 可卷式显示器
- 點陣式顯示器
七段数码管
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三維顯示 |
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靜態媒體 |
- 幻灯片投影儀
- 數位投影機
- 霓虹信号灯
- 电影放映机
- 路線牌
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影像科技 |
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參見:显示技术的比较 ·  电脑基本部件 ·  电脑显示标准
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规范控制 |
- GND: 4151899-8
- NDL: 00560921
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