하다
Contents
1 Korean
1.1 Etymology
1.2 Pronunciation
1.3 Verb
1.3.1 Usage notes
1.3.2 Conjugation
1.3.3 Synonyms
1.4 Adjective
2 Middle Korean
2.1 Etymology
2.2 Adjective
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄒᆞ다 (hota).
Pronunciation
IPA(key)[ha̠da̠]
Phonetic Hangul[하다]
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Verb
하다 • (hada) (infinitive 해 or 하여, sequential 하니)
…을 하다
- to do
하루 분의 일을 하다- haru bunui ireul hada
- to do a full day of work
Audio (South Korea)
(file)
제가 할 수 있어요.- Jega hal su isseoyo.
- I can do it.
Audio (South Korea)
(file)
- to make; to arrange; to cook
내일 먹을 밥을 미리 하다- naeil meogeul babeul miri hada
- to cook rice ahead for tomorrow
Audio (South Korea)
(file)
- to express feeling or attitude
어두운 얼굴을 하다- eoduun eolgureul hada
- to wear a gloomy face
Audio (South Korea)
(file)
- to take; to eat; to drink
술을 좀처럼 하지 않다- sureul jomcheoreom haji anta
- to rarely drink alcohol
Audio (South Korea)
(file)
- to wear
화려한 귀걸이를 하고 나가다- hwaryeohan gwigeorireul hago nagada
- to go out wearing a fancy earring
Audio (South Korea)
(file)
- to work in/as; to operate
조그만 옷가게를 하다- jogeuman otgagereul hada
- to run a small clothing store
Audio (South Korea)
(file)
- to play a role; to take a responsibility for
학생 회장을 하다- haksaeng hoejang-eul hada
- to be the student body president
Audio (South Korea)
(file)
- to get a result
반에서 일등을 하다- baneseo ildeung-eul hada
- to be at top of one's class
Audio (South Korea)
(file)
- to buy; to arrange
휴대폰을 하나 하다- hyudaeponeul hana hada
- to buy a cell phone
Audio (South Korea)
(file)
- to reach a certain price
집 한 채에 십 억이나 한다- jip han chaee sip eogina handa
- That house is as much as a billion won.
Audio (South Korea)
(file)
- (in the form of '…값을 하다') to meet an expectation
밥값은 해야지.- Bapgapseun haeyaji.
- I will be worthy of food. (I will work.)
- (in the form of 'A B 할 것 없이') to say separately
어른 아이 할 것 없이 모두 들떠 있다.- Eoreun ai hal geot eopsi modu deultteo itda.
- Everyone is excited regardless of age.
- to do
…을 —게 하다
- to handle; to dispose
이 사기범을 어떻게 할까요?- I sagibeomeul eotteoke halkkayo?
- What to do with this swindler?
- to handle; to dispose
…을 …으로 하다
- to make become; to cause to become
여자를 아내로 하다- yeojareul anaero hada
- to make a woman become one's wife
- to head; to face
머리를 북쪽으로 하고 자다- meorireul bukjjogeuro hago jada
- to sleep with the head northward.
- to decide
내일 다시 만나기로 하다- naeil dasi mannagiro hada
- to decide to meet again tomorrow
- to make become; to cause to become
…을 —고 하다
- to call; to name
다른 말과 뜻이 같은 말을 '동의어'라고 한다.- Dareun malgwa tteusi gateun mareul dong-uieo rago handa.
- We call a word which means the same with another word a 'synonym'.
- to call; to name
…으로 하다
- (in the form of '해서' or '하여') to be caused by
이 일로 하여 그는 중징계를 받았다.- I illo hayeo geuneun jungjinggyereul badatda.
- Due to this incident, he got heavily disciplined.
- (in the form of '해서' or '하여') to go via
부산으로 해서 일본에 갈 생각이다.- Busaneuro haeseo ilbone gal saenggagida.
- I'm going to visit Japan via Busan.
- (in the form of '해서' or '하여') to be caused by
- See below:
- (in the form of '…쯤 해서') to reach a certain time
12시 반쯤 해서 갈게.- 12si banjjeum haeseo galge.
- I'll be there around 12:30.
- (in the form of '… 하면') to make something a topic
맥주 하면 역시 독일이다.- Maekju hamyeon yeoksi dogirida.
- To say about beer, Germany is the best.
- (in the form of '…쯤 해서') to reach a certain time
—고 하다
- to say, to talk
잠깐 쉬자고 하다- jamkkan swijago hada
- to say "Let's take a rest a bit!"
- (in the form of '하는', often '—고 하는' being shorten to '—하는' or '—는') to be that
잠깐 쉬자는 소리에 나는 그녀를 돌아봤다.- Jamkkan swijaneun sorie naneun geunyeoreul dorabwatda.
- Hearing a voice saying "Let's take a rest a bit!", I looked back to her.
- to say, to talk
- Other uses:
- (after enumerating verbs) to do, actually not doing either of them well
앉았다가 섰다가 하다- anjatdaga seotdaga hada
- to alternate between sitting down and standing up
- (after an indirect question) to think
그가 무얼 보는가 했더니 만화책이었다.- Geuga mueol boneun-ga haetdeoni manhwachaegieotda.
- I wondered what he was reading to find it was a comic.
- (in the form of '—니 —니 하다') to say
- (in the form of '—다 하면') to do, emphasizing inevitability
쐈다 하면 명중이다.- Sswatda hamyeon myeongjung-ida.
- Every time he shoots, it hits the mark.
- (after a word descripting sound) to sound
- (after a quotation not followed by any marker) to say
그는 "그만!" 하고 외쳤다.- Geuneun geuman! Hago oechyeotda.
- "Stop!", he yelled.
- (in front of a sentence, in the form of '하나', '하니', '하면', '하여', ' 한데', and '해서') 'but', 'so', 'then', 'thus', 'by the way', and 'therefore' respectively.
- (after enumerating verbs) to do, actually not doing either of them well
(auxiliary)
- (after verb or adjective, in the form of '—게 하다') to make sb/sth do
아이에게 숙제를 하게 하다- aiege sukjereul hage hada
- to have a child do the homework
- cf.
아이가 숙제를 한다.- Aiga sukjereul handa.
- A child does the homework.
- cf.
그릇을 깨끗하게 하다- geureuseul kkaekkeuthage hada
- to make a dish clean
- cf.
그릇이 [[깨끗하다|깨끗하다]].- Geureusi kkaekkeuthada.
- A dish is clean.
- cf.
- (after verb or adjective, in the form of '—었으면 하다') to wish that
나는 여름에 비가 덜 내렸으면 한다.- Naneun yeoreume biga deol naeryeosseumyeon handa.
- I wish that it rained less in summer.
- (after verb or adjective, in the form of '—어야 하다') to have to do
모든 재료는 언제나 신선해야 한다.- Modeun jaeryoneun eonjena sinseonhaeya handa.
- All ingredients should always be fresh.
차를 수리받아야 합니다.- Chareul suribadaya hamnida.
- I need to get my car repaired.
정오 전에 체크아웃 해야 합니다.- Jeong-o jeone chekeuaut haeya hamnida.
- I'll have to check out before noon.
- (after verb, in the form of '—으려(고) 하다' or '—고자 하다') to intend to
이번 주말에는 영화를 보려고 한다.- Ibeon jumareneun yeonghwareul boryeogo handa.
- I'm going to watch a movie this weekend.
- (in the form of "verb stem + '—기' + semantic marker + ' 하다') to do, with an emphasis
그는 자기만 한다.- Geuneun jagiman handa.
- He only sleeps.
- (after verb, in the form of '—고 하다') to do, as a cause
눈도 오고 해서 일찍 왔다.- Nundo ogo haeseo iljjik watda.
- 'Cause it snows, so I came early.
- (after verb, in the form of '—고는 하다' or '—곤 하다') used to do
시골에 살 적에, 나는 도랑을 따라 걷곤 했다.- Sigore sal jeoge, naneun dorang-eul ttara geotgon haetda.
- When I lived in countryside, I used to walk along a ditch.
- (after adjective, in the form of '—어하다') to feel that sb/sth is
그는 손녀를 몹시 귀여워했다.- Geuneun sonnyeoreul mopsi gwiyeowohaetda.
- He loved his granddaughter very much.
- (after verb or adjective, in the form of '—게 하다') to make sb/sth do
Usage notes
하다 (hada) is a productive suffix for creating verbs and adjectives from Korean nouns. For example,
말 (mal, “word, language”) → 말하다 (malhada, “to talk”)
번역 (beonyeok, “translation”) → 번역하다 (beonyeokhada, “to translate”)
사랑 (sarang, “love”) → 사랑하다 (saranghada, “to love”)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 하다 (hada)
| Stems | |
|---|---|
Stem 1 | 하 (ha) |
Stem 2 | 해 (hae) |
Stem 2a | 하여 (hayeo) |
Stem 3 | 하 (ha) |
| Conjugation type | Vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular |
Sentence-final forms | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 한다 handa | 해 hae | 해요 haeyo | 합니다 hamnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 했다 haetda | 했어 haesseo | 했어요 haesseoyo | 했습니다 haetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 하느냐 haneunya | 해 hae | 해요 haeyo | 합니까 hamnikka |
| Past | 했느냐 haenneunya | 했어 haesseo | 했어요 haesseoyo | 했습니까 haetseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 하자 haja | 해 hae | 해요 haeyo | 합시다 hapsida | |
| Imperative | 해라, 하여라 haera, hayeora | 해 hae | 해요 haeyo | 합시오 hapsio | |
| Assertive | 하겠다 hagetda | 하겠어 hagesseo | 하겠어요 hagesseoyo | 하겠습니다 hagetseumnida | |
Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 해 hae | 해서, 하여서 haeseo, hayeoseo | 하니 hani | 하니까 hanikka | |
| Contrast | 하지만 hajiman | 하는데 haneunde | 하더니 hadeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 하고 hago | ||||
| Condition | 하면 hamyeon | 해야, 하여야 haeya, hayeoya | |||
| Motive | 하려고 haryeogo | ||||
Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 함 ham | 하기 hagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 했음, 하였음 haesseum, hayeosseum | 했기, 하였기 haetgi, hayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 한 han | |||
| Present | 하는 haneun | ||||
| Future | 할 hal | ||||
Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 하신다 hasinda | 하셔 hasyeo | 하세요, 하셔요 haseyo, hasyeoyo | 하십니다 hasimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 하셨다 hasyeotda | 하셨어 hasyeosseo | 하셨어요 hasyeosseoyo | 하셨습니다 hasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 하시느냐 hasineunya | 하셔 hasyeo | 하세요, 하셔요 haseyo, hasyeoyo | 하십니까 hasimnikka |
| Past | 하셨느냐 hasyeonneunya | 하셨어 hasyeosseo | 하셨어요 hasyeosseoyo | 하셨습니까 hasyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 하시라 hasira | 하셔 hasyeo | 하세요 haseyo | 하십시오 hasipsio | |
| Assertive | 하시겠다 hasigetda | 하시겠어 hasigesseo | 하시겠어요 hasigesseoyo | 하시겠습니다 hasigetseumnida | |
Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 하셔 hasyeo | 하셔서 hasyeoseo | 하시니 hasini | 하시니까 hasinikka | |
| Contrast | 하시지만 hasijiman | 하시는데 hasineunde | 하시더니 hasideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 하시고 hasigo | ||||
| Condition | 하시면 hasimyeon | 하셔야 hasyeoya | |||
| Motive | 하시려고 hasiryeogo | ||||
Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 하심 hasim | 하시기 hasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 하셨음 hasyeosseum | 하셨기 hasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 하신 hasin | |||
| Present | 하시는 hasineun | ||||
| Future | 하실 hasil | ||||
Synonyms
행하다 (haenghada, “to do”)
삼다 (samda, “to make; to cause to become”)
마시다 (masida, “to take; to eat; to drink”)
Adjective
하다 • (hada) (infinitive 해 or 하여, sequential 하니)
- (in the form of "adjective stem + '—기' + semantic marker + ' 하다') to be, with an emphasis
- (after adjective, in the form of '—고 하다') to be, as a cause
Middle Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Hunmin jeongeum eonhae (訓民正音諺解本 / 훈민정음언해본), 1447, as Middle Korean 하다 (hata). Suspected to have same root with 크다 (keuda, “big”)
Adjective
하다 (transliteration needed)
- many; big
Hunminjeongeum Eonhaebon:
ᄆᆞᄎᆞᆷ내 제 ᄠᅳ들 시러 펴디 몯ᄒᆞᇙ 노미 하니라- mochomnay ce ptutul sile pyedi mwotholq nwomi hanila.
- ...many of them in the end cannot state their concerns.
