元音字母
Multi tool use
元音字母(vowel letter)，或母音字母，是指語言裡起着發聲作用的字母。元音又作“母音”，就是這個意思。
在拉丁字母中，A、E、I、O、U通常都是元音字母。然而，具體的定義還是視乎各種語言的定義。例如，在威爾士語，W和Y也是元音字母；捷克語用上了R來表示其中一個捲舌的元音，所以在捷克語中，“R”也是一個元音字母。另外，在印度次大陸的不少語言，都有元音化r及元音化l這兩個特殊元音。香港開埠初期，當地通行廣州話，而廣州話的“子”、“四”等字的元音（韻母），在外國人聽起來，就好像英語的“Z”音，所以殖民地官員用上了Z來拼這些字，變成了“Tsz”、“Sz”。這麼說來，連“Z”也可以變成元音字母了。國語的注音二式和耶魯拼音也都是如此。所以，要看一個字母是否元音字母，並不能死記，而要隨同不同的語言而有變化。希臘字母的道理也相同，因為在特殊的程況下“Η”可以不是元音字母，而是標示/h/音的字母。
對於其他採用拼音文字的語言來講則比較簡單，因為它們都有特定的字母來表示元音。
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參考文獻
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Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, 1999. 剑桥大学 ISBN 0-521-63751-1
- Johnson, Keith, Acoustic & Auditory Phonetics, second edition, 2003. Blackwell ISBN 1-4051-0123-7
- Korhonen, Mikko. Koltansaamen opas, 1973. Castreanum ISBN 951-45-0189-6
- Peter Ladefoged|Ladefoged, Peter, A Course in Phonetics, fifth edition, 2006. Boston, MA: Thomson Wadsworth ISBN 1-4130-2079-8
- Ladefoged, Peter, Elements of Acoustic Phonetics, 1995. 芝加哥大学 ISBN 0-226-46764-3
- Ladefoged, Peter; Ian Maddieson (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19814-8.
- Ladefoged, Peter, Vowels and Consonants: An Introduction to the Sounds of Languages, 2000. Blackwell ISBN 0-631-21412-7.
- Lindau, Mona. (1978). Vowel features. Language, 54, 541–563.
- Stevens, Kenneth N. (1998). Acoustic phonetics. Current studies in linguistics (No. 30). Cambridge, MA: MIT. ISBN 0-262-19404-X.
- Stevens, Kenneth N. (2000). Toward a model for lexical access based on acoustic landmarks and distinctive features. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 111 (4), 1872–1891.
- Watt, D. and Tillotson, J. (2001). A spectrographic analysis of vowel fronting in Bradford English. English World-Wide 22:2, 269–302. Available at [1][永久失效連結]
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