背楯亞目







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背楯亞目（學名：Notaspidea），原作背楯目，是海蛞蝓的一個人工分類群組，現時已經被分成兩個互不相關的群組：傘螺目（英语：Umbraculida）及側鰓目（Pleurobranchmorpha）[1]。從2018年起，本分類被認為是裸側類支序之下的側鰓目（Pleurobranchida）的異名[1]。




目录






  • 1 分類學變更歷史


  • 2 科


  • 3 註釋


  • 4 參考文獻


  • 5 外部連結





分類學變更歷史


本分類原最初由1883年由法國動物學家保羅·亨利·菲舍爾（德语：Paul Henri Fischer (Malakologe)）設置，當時包括側鰓海牛屬（英语：Pleurobranchus）（Pleurobranchus）及傘螺屬（英语：Umbraculum (gastropod)）（Umbrella）兩屬，並歸類於覆鰓類（英语：Tectibranchia）（Tectibranchiata）之中[2]。4


背楯類物種包括有海蛞蝓和一種被稱為「假笠貝」的海洋腹足綱軟體動物的分類，直腹足亞綱後生腹足下綱後鰓目的成員。然而，在較新的2005年布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類，the families Umbraculidae and Tylodinidae belong to the superfamily Umbraculoidea Dall（英语：W.H. Dall）, 1889, part of the clade Umbraculida. Grande et al. (2004) found Umbraculoidea to be a sister clade to the Cephalaspidea (Acteonoidea excluded).[3]


The families Tylodinidae（英语：Tylodinidae） and Umbraculidae（英语：Umbraculidae） have large limpet-like external shells and a small mantle, while the species in the family Pleurobranchidae have a prominent mantle and an internal shell that becomes reduced or is lost in adults.[4] Many species produce mantle secretions as a chemical defense against predators [5]


由於側鰓科與傘螺科並不具單系性，因此兩後來被拆分，本分類元也於被處理為側鰓目（Pleurobranchida）的同物異名[2]。



科


本亞目包括下列三個科：




  • Tylodinidae（英语：Tylodinidae） J.E. Gray, 1847


  • 侧鳃科 Pleurobranchidae Menke, 1828


  • 傘螺科（英语：Umbraculidae） Umbraculidae Dall（英语：W.H. Dall）, 1889



註釋





  1. ^ 1.01.1 WoRMS. Notaspidea. World Register of Marine Species. 2014 [2018-03-20]. 


  2. ^ 2.02.1 WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Notaspidea. www.marinespecies.org. [2018-04-04] （英语）. 


  3. ^ Grande C.; J. Templado; J.L. Cervera; R. Zardoya. Phylogenetic relationships among Opisthobranchia (Mollusca, Gastropoda) based on mitochondrial cox1, tmV, and rmL genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2004, 33 (2): 378–388. PMID 15336672. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.06.008. 


  4. ^ R. Willan. Phylogenetic systematics of the Notaspidea (Opisthobranchia) with a reappraisal of families and genera. Am. Malacol. Bull. 1987, 5: 215–241. 


  5. ^ Aldo Spinella; Ernesto Mollo; Enrico Trivellone; Guido Cimino. Testudinariol A and B, two unusual triterpenoids from the skin and the mucus of the marine mollusc Pleurobrancus testudinarius.. Tetrahedron. December 1997, 53 (49): 16891–16896. doi:10.1016/S0040-4020(97)10124-7. 




參考文獻




  • Notaspidea. Integrated Taxonomic Information System （英语）. 


  • Powell A. W. B.（英语：Arthur William Baden Powell）, New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1



外部連結





物種識別信息


  • 維基數據: Q141484

  • 維基物種: Notaspidea

  • EoL: 2534

  • Fossilworks: 61408

  • IRMNG: 11311

  • ITIS: 78119

  • NZOR: 7d66721d-3df3-48e8-8766-04e37450843c

  • WoRMS: 1754



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