酰基






一般醯基（藍色），醯基離子（頂部中央），醯基自由基（右上），酮（左上），醛（左下），酯（底部中央），醯胺（右下）。 （R1，R2，R3：有機取代基或氫）。




酰基的结构。


酰基[註 1]（英语：acyl group）是指從含氧酸，包括無機酸中除去一個或多個羥基基團的衍生的官能團。它包含一個強制性羰基和烷基。在有機化學中，酰基（IUPAC名：鏈烷酰基）通常是衍生自羧酸。因此，它具有結構式RCO-，其中R代表被附著到CO基用單鍵的烷基。雖然稱呼幾乎總是應用於有機化合物，但酰基原則上可以是來自於其它類型的酸如磺酸，膦酸。在最常見的安排，酰基連接到一個更大的分子片段，在這種情況下，碳和氧原子通過雙鍵相連。


酰基指的是有机或无机含氧酸去掉羟基后剩下的一价原子团，通式为R-M(O)-。酰基与卤素原子、烷氧基、氨基或取代氨基及酰氧基结合可以分别获得酰卤、酯、酰胺和酸酐。[1]


通常酰基中的M原子都为碳，但硫、磷、氙等原子也可以形成类似的酰基化合物，如四氟一氧化氙、硫酰氯、氯化亚砜。此类酰卤一般称为卤氧化物。




目录






  • 1 参见


  • 2 腳註


  • 3 註釋


  • 4 外部連結





参见




  • 乙酰基 - 甲酰基

  • 酰化反应

  • 卤氧化物



腳註




  1. ^ 「酰」，拼音：xiān



註釋





  1. ^ （英文）國際純粹與應用化學聯合會．"Acyl groups"．《化学术语总目录》在线版．





外部連結



  • 維基共享資源中与酰基相關的分類




























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