備陳大饑疏

Multi tool use
臣陕西安塞县人也,中天启五年进士,备员行人。初差关外解赏,再差贵州典试,三差湖广颁诏,奔驰四载,往还数万余里。其间如关外当抑河之败,黔南当围困之余,人民奔窜,景象凋残,皆臣所经见,然未有极苦极惨,如所见臣乡之灾异者。
臣见诸臣具疏,有言父弃其子,夫鬻其妻者,言掘草根以自食,采白石以弃饥者,犹未详言也,臣今请悉为皇上言之:
臣鄉延安府,自去歲一年無雨,草木枯焦。八九月間,民爭採山間蓬草而食。其粒類糠皮,其味苦而澀。食之,僅可延以不死。至十月以後而蓬盡矣,則剝樹皮而食。諸樹惟榆皮差善,雜他樹皮以為食,亦可稍緩其死。
迨年終而樹皮又盡矣,則又掘其山中石塊而食。石性冷而味腥,少食輒飽,不數日則腹脹下墜而死。
民有不甘於食石而死者,始相聚為盜,而一二稍有積貯之民遂為所劫,而搶掠無遺矣,有司亦不能禁治。间有获者,(盗贼)亦恬不知怪,曰:“死于饥与死于盗等耳,与其坐而饥死,何不为盗而死?犹得为饱死鬼也。”
最可憫者,如安塞城西有冀城之處,每日必棄一二嬰兒于其中。有號泣者,有呼其父母者,有食其糞土者。至次晨,所棄之子已無一生,而又有棄子者矣。
更可異者,童稚輩及獨行者,一出城外便無蹤跡。後見門外之人,炊人骨以為薪,煮人肉以為食,始知前之人皆為其所食。而食人之人,亦不免數日後面目赤腫,內發燥熱而死矣。於是死者枕藉,臭氣熏天,縣城外掘數坑,每坑可容數百人,用以掩其遺骸。臣來之時已滿三坑有餘,而數里以外不及掩者,又不知其幾許矣。
小县如此,大县可知;一处如此,他处可知。幸有抚臣岳和声,弭盗赈饥,捐俸煮粥,而道府州县,各有所施,然粥有限而饥者无穷,杯水车薪,其何能济乎?又安得不相牵而为盗也?有司束于功令之嚴,不得不嚴為催科。僅存之遺黎,止有一逃耳。此處逃之於彼,彼處復逃之於此。轉相逃則轉相為盜,此盜之所以遍秦中也。
總秦地而言,慶陽、延安以北,飢荒至十分之極,而盜則稍次之﹔西安、漢中以下,盜賊至十分之極,而飢荒則稍次之。
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