硅酸





































































硅酸







IUPAC名
Silicic acid
别名
 Monosilicic acid
Orthosilicic acid
识别

CAS号
10193-36-9 ?

PubChem
14942

ChemSpider
14236

SMILES


InChI


InChIKey
RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Gmelin
 2009

EINECS
233-477-0

ChEBI
266​75
性质

化学式
 H4O4Si

摩尔质量
 96.11 g·mol−1

精确质量
 95.987885149 g mol-1

pKa
9.84, 13.2
若非注明，所有数据均出自一般条件（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

硅酸是一类具有[SiOx(OH)4-2x]n通式的化合物，可以由可溶性硅酸盐与酸反应制取。


简单的硅酸如偏硅酸H2SiO3、二硅酸H2Si2O5和原硅酸H4SiO4等已经在稀溶液中检测出；偏硅酸只能在0℃左右存在，室温时缩合成二硅酸，二硅酸在150℃时转变为无定形态。


可溶性的硅酸盐，加任何弱酸，都可以得到硅酸；游离出来的单分子硅酸，可溶于水，但它在溶液中逐渐缔合而成双分子、三分子，最后形成不溶解的多分子聚合物，所得的胶体称为“硅酸溶胶”；如果硅酸盐溶液浓度较大，则加酸后直接形成硅酸胶冻，脱水后得到硅酸凝胶；硅胶应用于吸收各种气体和蒸汽、精炼石油等，并可以用作催化剂的载体。





















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氢氧化物












































































































































































































H2O
















He

LiOH
Be(OH)2










B(OH)3
C
N
O
F
Ne

NaOH
Mg(OH)2










Al(OH)3
Si(OH)4
P
S
Cl
Ar

KOH
Ca(OH)2
Sc(OH)3
Ti(OH)4
V
Cr(OH)3
Mn(OH)2
Fe(OH)2
Fe(OH)3
Co(OH)2
Ni(OH)2
NiO(OH)
CuOH
Cu(OH)2
Zn(OH)2
Ga(OH)3
Ge(OH)2
As
Se
Br
Kr

RbOH
Sr(OH)2
Y(OH)3
Zr(OH)4
Nb
Mo
Tc
Ru
Rh
Pd(OH)2
AgOH
Cd(OH)2
In(OH)3
Sn(OH)2
Sn(OH)4
Sb
Te
I
Xe

CsOH
Ba(OH)2
 *
Hf
Ta
W
Re
Os
Ir
Pt(OH)4
Au(OH)3
Hg
TlOH
Pb(OH)2
Bi(OH)3
Po
At
Rn

FrOH
Ra(OH)2
 **
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
Ds
Rg
Cn







↓
















*
La(OH)3
Ce(OH)3
Ce(OH)4
Pr(OH)3
Nd(OH)3
Pm(OH)3
Sm(OH)3
Eu(OH)3
Gd(OH)3
Tb(OH)3
Dy(OH)3
Ho(OH)3
Er(OH)3
Tm(OH)3
Yb(OH)3
Lu(OH)3


**
Ac(OH)3
Th(OH)4
Pa
UO2(OH)2
Np
Pu
Am
Cm(OH)3
Bk
Cf
Es
Fm
Md
No
Lr



















































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