抑鬱
Multi tool use
Albrecht Dürer's engraving Melencolia I, ca. 1514
抑郁是情绪低落、厌恶活动的一种状态，对人的思想、行为、感觉和身体健康都有一定影响。[1][2]抑郁的人可能会感到沮丧、焦虑、空虚、绝望、罪恶、烦躁、不安等情绪[3][4]。他们可能会对平时的爱好不再感兴趣，丧失食欲或暴饮暴食，变得不善交际，出现记忆力下降、难以集中注意力、容易犹豫不决等问题。抑郁还伴有失眠、嗜睡、疲劳等症状，可能诱发自杀[5]。
抑郁可能是对创伤性事件的正常反应，也可能由疾病或药物副作用引起。情绪抑郁还是情感障碍的常见主要症状。
干预
抑郁可能是对创伤性事件的正常反应，也可能由生理疾病或药物副作用引起，不一定需要针对性的医疗干预。长期持续的抑郁情绪则可能属于情感障碍，经诊断后可以通过治疗缓解。为均衡使用药物的风险和收益，不应对短期的抑郁情绪随意使用抗抑郁药。[6]
体育运动有防止抑郁的效果。[7]
参考文献
引用
^ Salmans, Sandra. Depression: Questions You Have – Answers You Need. People's Medical Society. 1997. ISBN 978-1-882606-14-6.
^ Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Association. 2013.
^ Irritability, Anger Indicators of Complex, Severe JENNYTAN1018THDepression.
^
Depression (major depressive disorder). Angry outbursts, irritability or frustration, even over small matters
^ NIMH · Depression. nimh.nih.gov. National Institute of Mental Health. [2017-05-19].
^ Key priorities for implementation | Depression in adults: recognition and management | Guidance | NICE. www.nice.org.uk. [2019-03-19].
^ Schuch, Felipe B.; Vancampfort, Davy; Firth, Joseph; Rosenbaum, Simon; Ward, Philip B.; Silva, Edson S.; Hallgren, Mats; Ponce De Leon, Antonio; Dunn, Andrea L. Physical Activity and Incident Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2018-7, 175 (7): 631–648. ISSN 0002-953X. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111194 （英语）.
来源
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- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision: DSM-IV-TR. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.; 2000a.
情感障礙 (F30–F39, 296)
|
|---|
|
| 历史 |
- Emil Kraepelin
- Karl Leonhard
- John Cade
- Mogens Schou
- Frederick K. Goodwin
- Kay Redfield Jamison
|
|
| 症狀 |
- 幻觉
- 妄想
情绪失调
- 心情摆荡
睡眠障碍
- 思覺失調
- 思绪奔腾
- Reduced affect display
- Depression (differential diagnoses)
|
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| 情感光譜（如漸層般的情感程度差異） |
躁鬱症
- Bipolar I
- Bipolar II
- 循環性情感症
- Bipolar NOS
- 抑郁
- （重性抑郁障碍
- 心境恶劣障碍
- 季节性情绪失调
- 非典型抑郁障碍
忧郁型抑郁障碍）
- 分裂情感性障碍
- 狂躁
- Mixed affective state
- 轻度狂躁
- Major depressive episode
|
|
| 躁鬱症的治療 |
| 抗抽搐/驚攣藥物 |
- 卡马西平
- 拉莫三嗪
- Oxcarbazepine
- 丙戊酸
|
|
拟交感神经药，
选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂等类似药物 |
- 右旋安非他命
- 哌甲酯
- 安非他酮
- 舍曲林
- 氟西汀
- 艾司西酞普兰
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|
其他 使情緒穩定的藥物
|
|
|
| 非藥物性 |
- 臨床心理學
- 電痙攣療法
- 預防性拘留
- 光照治療
- 心理治療
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation
- 认知行为疗法
- Dialectical behavior therapy
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|
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