蠕虫
Multi tool use
關於与「
蠕虫」名称相近或相同的条目，請見「
蠕虫 (消歧義)」。
蠕虫是一类长条状，软体无脊椎动物。蠕虫并不是严格的生物学上的分类，其中的一些彼此属于完全不同的物种，包括一些昆虫的幼虫、蜈蚣、蚯蚓等。全球现有超过一百万种的蠕虫，它们存在于自然界的各个角落。
巨型蠕虫藉由身体的肌肉收缩而作蠕形运动，故通称为蠕虫。在动物分类学史上，蠕虫曾被认为是独立的，具有特殊性的一类动物。但在分类学研究不断发展之后，人们发现蠕虫，包括扁形动物门（Phylum Platyhelminthes）、线形动物门（Phylum Nemathelminthes）和棘头动物门（Phylum Acanthocephala）所属的各种动物，具有重要意义的蠕虫种类几乎全部属于前两门。因此在分类学上，蠕虫这个名称已无意义；但习惯上仍沿用此词。由蠕虫引起的疾病称为蠕虫病，包括囊虫病、棘球蚴病、蟠尾絲蟲症、血吸虫病、鞭虫病、麦地那龙线虫病。
目前排除蠕虫病，蠕蟲與人們最貼近的型態是被當作餌料釣魚或餵食觀賞魚[1]，目前常用的有兩種白蟲White wormEnchytraeus albid及格林達爾蠕蟲Gridal worm - Enchytraeus buchholzi[2]。另外在深海中有食骨蠕虫，幫助鯨魚骨骸的快速清除。蠕蟲也不僅只有白色細小的型態，普雷斯比泰羅號The BRP Hydrographer presbitero探測船在菲律賓南方的西里伯斯海海下3,000公尺處，發現一隻奇特美麗的全新物種烏賊蠕蟲 [3]。
比利時布魯塞爾自由大學的韋德（Sebastiaan Van De Velde）教授以電腦模擬五億年前在海底的類蠕蟲活動整合碳氧硫演變模型COPSE，可能造成水底沉積物的擾動，進而促進有機物分解，最終導致大氣中氧氣消耗與二氧化碳增加，氣候暖化[4][5][6]
。
古老蠕蟲
俄羅斯科學家與普林斯顿大学合作研究，在俄羅斯西伯利亞地區雅庫特不同地點與年代的凍土層挖掘了300多份凍土樣本，其中含有許多蠕蟲，研究人員將蠕蟲放進含有培養液的培養皿，在20度下解凍。在數周後，其中兩隻恢復行動開始進食，恢復生命跡象。經檢測，一隻約在三萬兩千年前被冰封，另一隻則為四萬兩千年前；一隻在遠古的松鼠巢穴發現；另一隻則在河邊發現[7][8]。
參考資料
^ 蠕蟲. 阿善的水族日記.
^ 閉門. 白蟲&蠕蟲—繁殖方式--. 老爹孔雀魚水族寵物交流網.
^ 丹‧柯辛斯. 物種獵人. 由陸子鈞翻译 . BBC知識 (國際).
^ 丁肇九. 人類和五億年前蠕蟲的相似之處：因排碳而自取滅亡. The News Lens.
^ Josh Gabbatiss . 研究發現首批促成全球暖化並自取滅亡的動物. 由鄒敏惠翻译 . 環境資訊中心.
^ Josh Gabbatiss. World's first animals caused global warming that led to multiple mass extinctions, study reveals. 英國獨立報.
^ 蠕蟲. Line Today.
^ 深海大花枝. 「被凍土埋了四萬年」線蟲真實復活！. ettoday新聞雲.
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關於与「蠕虫」名称相近或相同的条目，請見「蠕虫 (消歧義)」。
