鱼子酱




鱼子酱是用從魚身上的魚卵制成的酱，與鵝肝、松露並列「西方三大珍味」。几乎所有种类的鱼卵都可被做成鱼子酱，但嚴格來說鲟鱼的鱼卵才是魚子醬。最上等的鱼子酱是产自裏海中的鲟鱼貝魯嘉鱘、Asetra（英语：Ossetra）、Sevruga（英语：Sevruga caviar）的黑色鱼卵做成的。鱼子酱可以放入汤中或夹面包来吃，單點则多以小圓煎餅與發泡鮮奶油作搭配。


因为俄罗斯和伊朗两国靠近裏海，历史上两国出产的上等鱼子酱一度占全世界市场的95％；此外俄罗斯的西伯利亚地区的阿穆尔河中也生产一种鲟鱼的鱼子酱。中国大陆的黑龍江省和浙江省也生产鱼子酱，鱼子酱产业在当地也是高附加值的新兴产业。苏联解体后，鱼子酱生产的限制一度被放开，市场欣欣向荣；但在短短十年间，过度捕捞又使野生鲟鱼在2000年成为濒危物种，野生鲟鱼的捕捞又再次受到限制。中国大陆生产的鱼子酱份额达到市场份额的35%，并且来自浙江千岛湖的卡露伽鱼子酱成为了世界上最昂贵的鱼子酱[1][2]。


英文中的Caviar有時也不會單指魚子醬，有時也會指由各種東西或液體製成的，形似魚子醬的東西；像是咖啡魚子醬（Caviar de café）或是墨魚汁魚子醬（Caviar l'encre de seiche）。


日式料理中也经常用鱼子酱制作寿司等。


於中國傳統中，中式甜品仙翁米被譽為中國的魚子醬，在上世紀六、七十年代，壽宴常以仙翁奶露為甜品，但事實上與西方由魚卵所制成的酱完全不同[3]。



圖集







  • 鱘魚卵(上)與鮭魚卵(下)







  • 各廠牌的魚子醬







  • 魚子醬專用匙







  • 魚子醬鮮奶油鮭魚馬鈴薯可樂餅(Osetra caviar, Salmon Crème fraîche, Potato shallot croquette)







  • 韃靼牡蠣魚子醬(Tartare huitre caviar)







  • 鱒鱼卵與麵包







  • 飛魚卵







  • 綠色飛魚卵







  • 蝸牛卵







参考文献





  1. ^ Your High Quality Caviar Might Just Be Made in China. Time. [2018-03-24] （英语）. 


  2. ^ The World’s Best Caviar Doesn’t Come From Russia Anymore. Bloomberg.com. 2017-09-19 [2018-03-24] （英语）. 


  3. ^ 「中國的魚子醬」 　仙翁米回歸




外部链接


  • TVBS对里海鲟鱼鱼子酱的介绍



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