亞速海

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亚速海

Azow Sea Sunset.JPG

顿涅茨克州雅尔塔的海岸


Black Sea map.png
坐标
46°N 37°E / 46°N 37°E / 46; 37坐标：46°N 37°E / 46°N 37°E / 46; 37
类型
海
主要流入
顿河和库班河
最大长度
360 km（220 mi）[1]
最大宽度
180 km（110 mi）[1]
表面积
39,000 km2（15,000 sq mi）[1]
平均深度
7米（23英尺）[1]
最大深度
14米（46英尺）[1]
水体体积
290 km3（240×10^6 acre·ft）[1]




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亞速海（烏克蘭語：Азовське море；俄语：Азовское море；克里米亞韃靼語：Azaq deñizi）是一個陸間海：西面有克里米亞半島，北面為烏克蘭而東面為俄羅斯。只有刻赤海峽與黑海相連。


長349公里、闊135公里，面積37,555平方公里。主要的河流有頓河和庫班河：這降低了海水的鹽度和帶來了沉積物。事實上，它是世界上最淺的海，平均深度只有13米，最深處僅15.3米，在塔甘羅格灣（Taganrog），水深甚至不足1米，西面有長達110公里名為阿拉巴特岬的沙洲和錫瓦什湖。


亞速海海流以逆時針方向運動，潮水高度不定，但最高可達5公尺。冬季大幅封凍。根據黑海沉降理論，形成於前5600年。在水下有新石器時代遺跡。古代希臘語和拉丁語分別稱為“ἡ Μαιῶτης λίμνη”和“Palus Maeotis”。


一般人認為亞速海的名字是來自於一為名為Azum或Asuf的欽察王子—他在1067年的一場城池保衛戰中被殺，但多數學者認為是來自一座稱為Azov（又名Azak）的城市，這詞語在土耳其語是「低」的意思，旨在說明城市的地勢。[2]


沿海主要港口有別爾江斯克（烏克蘭語：Бердя́нськ）、馬里烏波爾、頓河畔羅斯托夫、塔甘羅格和葉伊斯克。有兩條運河分別連繫亞速海與裡海和伏爾加河。本海也擁有重要的漁場和油氣田。有記錄的魚類有80種，無脊椎動物有300種，但種類與數量都因污染與濫捕而減少。






  • 亞速海（右），留意與黑海海水顏色的差異







  • 克里米亞戰爭中的亞速海艦隊







  • 亞速海東岸







  • 冬季冰封







  • Azov-Syvash國家公園






参考文献





  1. ^ 1.01.11.21.31.41.5 Kostianoy, p. 65


  2. ^ Andrey G. Kostianoy, Aleksey N. Kosarev (2007). The Black Sea Environment. Springer. ISBN 3-540-74291-3.
































































规范控制


  • WorldCat Identities

  • GND: 4003230-9

  • VIAF: 916144783190109830229



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