胡椒属












 

如何讀生物分類框
胡椒属

Piper magnificum 花序

Piper magnificum 花序


科學分類


























界：
植物界

（未分级）
被子植物门

（未分级）
木兰分支
目：
胡椒目
科：
胡椒科
屬：
Piper
L.


种

1,000-2,000种，参见正文



胡椒属植物在经济和生态方面都很重要，包括大约有1,000-2,000余种，有草本、灌木、藤本甚至是小乔木，胡椒科植物既不属于双子叶植物也不属于单子叶植物，和三白草科亲源关系较近，在胡椒科内，胡椒属和草胡椒属的亲源关系较近。


胡椒属植物分布在世界各地的热带地区，多数品种生长在热带雨林中，也有少数品种可以生长在比较开阔地带或亚热带地区。


部分胡椒属藤本品种在温暖地区可以作为园艺品种，但胡椒属的主要用途还是作为香料和蔬菜，人类最早在大约9,000年前就已经知道应用胡椒作为食品香料，主要用黑胡椒（Piper nigrum），此外像墨西哥叶胡椒（Piper auritum）、荜澄茄（Piper cubeba）、长胡椒（Piper longum）、西非胡椒（Piper guineen）也常被应用。越南的罗洛胡椒（Piper lolot）以及东南亚的假蒟（Piper sarmentosum）叶子都是当地的蔬菜。胡椒属许多品种还被许多地方作为当地的草药使用。




黑胡椒种子，从左到右:
绿色盐渍的熟种子
白色干燥的熟种子
黑色干燥的未熟种子




目录






  • 1 主要品种


  • 2 注释


  • 3 外部链接


  • 4 参考文献





主要品种





长果胡椒





Piper grandifolium





长胡椒 (Piper longum)





黑胡椒 (Piper nigrum)





假荜拔


胡椒属植物在美洲有约700种，在东南亚有300余种，在南太平洋有40多种，在非洲有约15种。[1]







  • 蘭嶼風藤 Piper arborescens

  • Piper achupallasense


  • Piper aduncum – Spiked Pepper, "matico" (South America except Ecuador)


  • Piper aequilaterum C.DC.


  • Piper amalgo – mecaxochitl (Nahuatl)

  • Piper angamarcanum


  • 墨西哥胡椒叶 Piper auritum

  • Piper azuaiense

  • Piper baezanum

  • Piper baezense

  • Piper begoniiforme


  • 蒌叶 Piper betle

  • Piper borneense

  • Piper brachipilum

  • Piper brachystylum

  • Piper bullatifolium


  • Piper caldense C.DC.

  • Piper campii


  • Piper caninum, SE Asia to Australia, Common pepper, Native pepper in Australia.

  • Piper candollei


  • Piper cenocladum – "ant piper"


  • 长果胡椒 Piper chaba

  • Piper chimborazoense


  • Piper chimonanthifolium Kunth

  • Piper clathratum

  • Piper claussenianum

  • Piper coeloneurum

  • Piper cordulatum


  • 荜澄茄 Piper cubeba

  • Piper cutucuense


  • Piper darienense – duermeboca (Panama), kana (Kuna)

  • Piper decurrens

  • Piper densiciliatum

  • Piper diffundum

  • Piper disparipilum

  • Piper distigmatum

  • Piper dodsonii

  • Piper entradense

  • Piper eriocladum

  • Piper eustylum

  • Piper fallenii

  • Piper fimbriulatum


  • Piper gaudichaudianum Kunth


  • Piper glabratum Kunth

  • Piper grandifolium

  • Piper gualeanum

  • Piper guayasanum


  • 西非胡椒 Piper guineense


  • Piper hillianum C.DC.

  • Piper hispidinervum

  • Piper huigranum

  • Piper hydrolapathum

  • Piper hylebates

  • Piper hylophilum

  • Piper imperiale


  • 风藤 Piper kadsura


  • 恆春風藤Piper kawakamii

  • Piper laevigatum


  • Piper lhotzkyanum Kunth

  • Piper lineatipilosum


  • 罗洛胡椒 Piper lolot

  • Piper longicaudatum


  • 长胡椒 Piper longum

  • Piper lucigaudens

  • Piper macrophyllum


  • 粗硬胡椒 Piper macropodum


  • Piper magnificum – Lacquered Pepper


  • Piper malacophyllum (C.Presl) C.DC.

  • Piper manabinum

  • Piper marginatum

  • Piper mekongense

  • Piper mendezense

  • Piper mestonii

  • Piper metallicum


  • 卡瓦胡椒 Piper methysticum

  • Piper mexiae

  • Piper molliusculum

  • Piper mullesua

  • Piper nanegalense

  • Piper napo-pastazanum

  • Piper nebuligaudens


  • 黑胡椒 Piper nigrum


  • Piper novae-hollandiae Giant Pepper Vine - Australia


  • 彩脉胡椒 Piper ornatum


  • Piper pachyphyllum – Mahalatsaka

  • Piper peltatum


  • Piper permucronatum Yunck.

  • Piper perstrigosum

  • Piper platylobum

  • Piper porphyrophyllum

  • Piper poscitum

  • Piper prietoi

  • Piper productispicum

  • Piper pseudonigrum


  • Piper pseudopothifolium C.DC.

  • Piper puyoense

  • Piper regale


  • 假荜拔 Piper retrofractum Vahl


  • Piper richardiifolium Kunth

  • Piper rubronodosum

  • Piper rubrovenosum


  • 西贡胡椒 Piper saigonense

  • Piper saloyanum

  • Piper san-miguelense


  • 假蒟 Piper sarmentosum

  • Piper schuppii


  • 塞舌尔胡椒 Piper seychellarum

  • Piper skutchii

  • Piper sodiroi

  • Piper stipulosum

  • Piper subaduncum

  • Piper subnitidifolium

  • Piper supernum


  • 银叶胡椒 Piper sylvaticum


  • Piper tectonifolium Kunth

  • Piper trachyphyllum


  • Piper translucens Yunck.


  • Piper triandrum F.Muell.

  • Piper trioicum

  • Piper truman-yunckeri


  • Piper truncatum Vell.

  • Piper umbellatum

  • Piper unguiculatum

  • Piper valladolidense

  • Piper verrucosum

  • Piper warakahoura

  • Piper wibomii

  • Piper wightii

  • Piper zarumanum






注释






维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：胡椒属





维基物种中的分类信息：胡椒属




  1. ^ Jaramillo, M. Alejandra, Phylogeny and Patterns of Floral Diversity in the Genus Piper (Piperaceae), American Journal of Botany, 2001, 88: 706, PMID 11302858, doi:10.2307/2657072 




外部链接



  • 图片和描述等

  • 《中国植物》中的胡椒科

  • 《北美洲植物》中的胡椒科

  • NCBI分类中的胡椒科

  • 泰国胡椒品种



参考文献




  • .mw-parser-output .smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output .nocaps{text-transform:lowercase}
    Dyer, L.A. & Palmer, A.N. (2004): Piper: A model genus for studies of evolution, chemical ecology, and trophic interactions. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston. ISBN 0-306-48498-6



  • Ecocyber (2008): Tropical Root Crops. Retrieved 2008-JUL-15.



  • Gorman, Chester F. (1969): Hoabinhian: A pebble tool complex with early plant associations in Southeast Asia. Science 163(3868): 671-673. doi:10.1126/science.163.3868.671 (HTML abstract)



  • Gorman, Chester F. (1971): The Hoabinhian and After: Subsistence Patterns in Southeast Asia during the Late Pleistocene and Early Recent Periods. World Archaeology 2(3): 300-320. HTML abstract and first page image



  • International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) (2007): 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN, Gland.



  • Lim, S.T.; Dragull, K.; Tang, C.S.; Bittenbender, H.C.; Efird, J.T. & Nerurkar P.V. (2007): Effects of Kava Alkaloid, Pipermethystine, and Kavalactones on Oxidative Stress and Cytochrome P450 in F-344 Rats. Toxicological Science 97(1): 214-221. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfm035 PMID 17329236 PDF fulltext



  • Parkinson, John (1640): Theatrum Botanicum: the Theater of Plants, etc. T. Cotes, London.



  • Solomon, Charmaine (1998): Cha Plu. In: Encyclopedia of Asian Food. Periplus Editions. HTML fulltext[永久失效連結]



  • Sorrentin, L.; Capasso, A. & Schmidt, M. (2006): Safety of ethanolic kava extract: Results of a study of chronic toxicity in rats. Phytomedicine 13(8): 542-549. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2006.01.006 PMID 16904878 (HTML abstract)




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