何休






























儒家
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何休（129年－182年），字邵公，東漢任城樊（鄰近曲阜）人。父何豹，曾任九卿之中的少府，何休依據漢代官員子弟可蔭任為中低層官吏的制度開始任官。


何休的學問淵博，時人譽之“精研六經，世儒無及者”，對孔子遺留下的經書有十分精闢的瞭解。當時的帝師陳蕃邀請何休擔任幕僚，由於陳蕃在宮廷鬥爭中失敗，何休黨錮之禍中被禁錮而禁止任官，返歸家鄉。


何休被禁錮在家時，開始註解孔子的經書，目前僅存的唯一文本是他歷時十七年才寫成的《春秋公羊解詁》。




目录






  • 1 學術對手


  • 2 主要作品


  • 3 學術


  • 4 注釋


  • 5 學術論文





學術對手


賈逵曾使東漢的公羊學與朝政面臨重大危機，何休撰寫《春秋公羊解詁》的其中一項重要動機就是在反駁賈逵的春秋左氏學主張。


鄭玄是何休同時代的著名學者，也遭到黨錮之禍。在禁錮期間讀何休寫的《公羊墨守》、《榖梁廢疾》、《左氏膏肓》[1]，鄭玄不同意何休的見解，“蜂起而攻之”[2]，也寫了三本書反駁回去，史載“发《墨守》，针《膏肓》，起《废疾》”。何休看了感嘆說：“康成（郑玄字）入吾室，操吾戈，以伐我乎！”[3]


黨錮解除後，被朝廷徵召為司徒。後授議郎，因多次陳忠言，再升諫議大夫，光和五年（公元182年）逝世。



主要作品



  • 《春秋公羊解詁》

  • 《公羊墨守》

  • 《榖梁廢疾》

  • 《左氏膏肓》



學術


何休的學術主張以春秋公羊學為中心，他的公羊學著作是中國春秋學的重要內容，影響了清代晚期的常州學派以及民國的古史辨派。


皮锡瑞指出何休的“三科九旨”之说均可见于董仲舒的书中，並结论说：“何劭公《解诂序》自云本胡毋生条例，非出董生，而说三科九旨已见董子书中，足见微言本出孔门，非何氏创说，亦非董子创说也。”



注釋





  1. ^ 《太平御览》卷六一○引《郑玄别传》


  2. ^ 《拾遗记》卷六


  3. ^ 《后汉书·郑玄传》




學術論文



  • 張廣慶，〈何休春秋公羊解詁之研究〉[永久失效連結]


  • 朱生亦，〈何休與三闕之研究〉[永久失效連結]

  • 黃樸民，《何休評傳》，南京大學出版社，2002年。ISBN 7305031887



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