啮虫亚目




注意：本页面含有Unihan新版用字：「𪘅」。有关字符可能會错误显示，詳见Unicode扩展汉字。







 

如何讀生物分類框
啮虫亚目


科學分類


























界：
动物界 Animalia
門：
节肢动物门 Arthropoda
綱：
昆虫纲 Insecta

超目：
外翅總目 Exopterygota
目：
啮虫目 Psocodea

亞目：
啮虫亚目 Psocomorpha


啮虫亚目（學名：Psocomorpha）是昆虫纲啮虫目（Psocodea）之下七個亞目之中最大的一個，包含有24個科、3600多個物種[1]，因此亦被視為嚴格定義的啮虫類。本旗下分類所包含的物種變化很大，從物種貧乏得只有兩個屬的Bryopsocidae，到包含約900屬的啮虫科（Psocidae）。2002年，中國昆蟲學家李法聖把本亞目的物種重新分類，歸為30個科，但這個分類到現在仍然有爭議[2][3]。


本物種多棲息於樹皮上，以陸棲性藻類或地衣等為主要取食對象[4]。



概說


啮虫亚目物種的特色是其觸角只有13節；跗節有二節或三節，視乎物種分類而定，例如啮虫科（Psocidae）物種是固定的，但擬單𪘅科（Pseudocaeciliidae）的則可變。翼脈可變化，當中以 單𪘅屬（Caecilius）的形式最為常見[5]；其他物種的翼脈較多。
[1][6]


本亞目大致分類如下[7]：




  • 單𪘅下目（Caeciliusetae）

    • Asiopsocoidea總科

      • Asiopsocidae科



    • 單𪘅總科（Caeciliusoidea）


      • 單𪘅科（Caeciliusidae）[8][9][10]：又名毛嚙蟲科[7]，8屬17種。

      • Stenopsocidae


      • 雙𪘅科（Amphipsocidae）

      • Dasydemellidae






  • Epipsocetae下目

    • Cladiopsocidae

    • Dolabellopsocidae

    • Epipsocidae

    • Neurostigmatidae

    • Ptiloneuridae




  • Homilopsocidea下目

    • Archipsocidae

    • Bryopsocidae

    • Calopsocidae

    • Ectopsocidae

    • Elipsocidae

    • Lachesillidae

    • Mesopsocidae

    • Peripsocidae


    • 黑斑嚙蟲科 Philotarsidae


    • 擬單𪘅科（Pseudocaeciliidae）：又名叉嚙蟲科[7]，4屬5種。

    • Trichopsocidae




  • 啮虫下目（Psocetae）

    • Hemipsocidae

    • Myopsocidae

    • Psilopsocidae


    • 啮虫科（Psocidae）：8屬16種。




此外尚有未能分類的已滅絕科擬中生𪘅科（Paramesopsocidae）[11]。



參考資料





  1. ^ 1.01.1 C. Lienhard & C. N. Smithers. Psocoptera (Insecta): World Catalogue and Bibliography. Instrumenta Biodiversitatis (Muséum d'histoire naturelle, Geneva). 2002, 5. 


  2. ^ Psocomorpha. GBIF （英语）. 


  3. ^ Li, Fasheng. Psocoptera of China. National Natural Science Foundation of China 5–6. 2002. 


  4. ^ 詹美鈴. 小心囓蟲就在你身邊. 大地的心聲 (國立中興大學保育社). 2001-06-03, 2001 (6) （中文（繁體）‎）. 


  5. ^ (rounded, free areola postica, thickened, free pterostigma, r+s two-branched, m three-branched)


  6. ^ Определитель насекомых Дальнего Востока СССР. Т. I. Первичнобескрылые, древнекрылые, с неполным превращением.. Л.: «Наука». под общ. ред. П. А. Лера. 1988: 452. . : 323—357 （俄语）. 


  7. ^ 7.07.17.2 臺灣生物多樣性資訊入口網：嚙蟲目. [2014-08-30]. （原始内容存档于2015-01-20） （中文（繁體）‎）. 


  8. ^ Caeciliusidae in Tree of Life web project



  9. ^ Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.. Reading, UK.: Species 2000. 2011 [2012-09-24]. 


  10. ^ Caeciliusidae. Dyntaxa （瑞典语）. 


  11. ^ Paramesopsocidae. GBIF （英语）. 









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