子房





Disambig gray.svg  本文介紹的是植物器官。關於字「子房」的歷史人物，請見「張良」。



一种瓜的花剖面，显示雌蕊和下位子房


子房是被子植物生长种子的器官，位置不定，依和雌蕊的相對位置可分為上位花、下位花或是周位花。一般略为膨大。子房里面有一至多室，每室内含有一至多个胚珠，胚珠受精后可以发育为种子。


受精后，胚珠发育成种子，子房壁最后发育成果皮，包裹种子，有的种类形成果肉，如桃、苹果等。


子房的組成單元是心皮，被子植物的子房由1至多個心皮所組成。由一个心皮构成的雌蕊称单雌蕊，其子房只有一室；由多个心皮构成的雌蕊称複雌蕊或合心皮雌蕊，多心皮（2個以上的心皮癒合）的子房常有多室，其室数与合生的心皮数相当，每一室内可以有一个或多个胚珠（成熟後發育成种子）。這些胚珠在子房中的著生位置稱之為胎座，不同的著生類型稱為胎座型。


子房在花中着生的位置因植物种类不同，子房只以底部和花萼相连为上位子房，子房下半部与花萼愈合的为半下位（中位）子房，完全埋在花萼中的为下位子房。[1]



参考文献





  1. ^ Soltis, Douglas E.; Fishbein, Mark; Kuzoff, Robert K. Evolution of Epigyny. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 2003, 164 (S5): S251–S264. doi:10.1086/376876. 









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