孔四貞
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| 孔四貞 |
|---|
|
| 清朝人 |
|---|
| 个人资料 |
|---|
| 性别 |
女 |
| 出生 |
1635年 |
| 籍贯 |
遼東都指揮使司
（今名：遼寧省遼陽市） |
| 政党 |
- |
| 亲属 |
孔有德 (父)
孔庭訓 (兄)
孫延齡 (夫) |
|
经历
- 不詳（特恩照和碩格格食俸）
郡主[來源請求]（1677年-）
|
孔四貞（1635年－？），清初定南王孔有德之女。孝莊文皇后曾抚养她。
生平
孔四貞幼時，曾為吳三桂養女。順治九年（1652年），李定國奇襲廣西，攻破桂林，孔有德自盡，其家一百二十餘口悉數被殺，僅餘一女，即孔四貞。清人楊陸榮《三藩紀事本末》記載：「惟一女年十七，逸出城，單騎走京師，哭於朝。世祖（指順治）憐而養之宮中。」清人葉夢珠在《續編綏寇紀略》言及：「世祖憐之，將冊立為妃，知先許孫延齡（其父部将孙龙之子），乃止。」封孔四貞為「和碩格格」，即郡主[1]。《清史稿 列传二百六十一》则说「孝莊皇后育之宮中，賜白金萬，歲俸視郡主。」
四貞出身將門，隨父軍中，性情剛烈。嫁給孫延齡後，在丈夫面前趾高氣揚，孫延齡心機頗深，最初對孔四貞百般恭敬，孔四貞遂為他在宮廷遊說，使延齡得寵朝中。康熙四年（1665年），延齡慫恿四貞請求朝廷准許他們「就食廣西」，皇帝批准。後來延齡夫婦舉家南下，孫延齡便漸次排擠了孔四貞，夫妻感情惡化。
康熙十二年（1673年），發生三藩之亂，吳三桂起兵反清，並引誘孫延齡起兵響應。此時孔四貞懊悔異常，「日夜感上恩，勸延齡歸順」，延齡首鼠兩端，猶豫不決，後吳三桂派吳世琮襲殺孫延齡。孔四貞曾有一子，也被吳世琮所殺。後來吳三桂把四貞接到雲南，以為籠絡原定南王部屬，事實形同軟禁。孔四貞待在昆明八年，直到「三藩之亂」被平定後，才輾轉返回京師，晚景淒涼。孟森說她「從此為孤豚腐鼠，不過為孫氏一老寡婦，無爭相取重者矣」。传说死后葬在今北京公主坟，该地乃因此得名。但已经考证此说不实。
注釋
^ 按清制：皇后之女封「固倫公主」；妃嬪之女、皇后之養女皆封「和碩公主」；親王之嫡女封「和碩格格」即「郡主」；郡王之嫡女封「多羅格格」即「縣主」……很清楚地分區了「和碩公主」和「和碩格格」，因此「格格」並不一定相當於「公主」。
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