爆破拆卸
Multi tool use
爆破拆卸是控制爆破的一个术语，通过精確的計算後战略性地布置炸药以及定时引爆，使得建筑物在数秒钟内自己倒塌，尽量减少对附近地区的损害。爆破拆卸可分為兩種：原地坍塌（即樓宇被垂直摧毀，倒下後會變成瓦礫）和定向坍塌（即樓宇向某一方向倒塌）。爆破拆除适用于楼宇、桥梁、烟囱、塔楼和隧道。
爆破拆卸适用于一些不方便使用传统机械方式拆除的建筑，使用传统方法可能需要几个月甚至几年，通常发生在城市地区，往往涉及大型地標建筑或煙囪。
历史
最早有记录的爆破拆卸之一是1773年在爱尔兰沃特福德使用150磅火药拆毁圣三一大教堂，对于当时来说这是相当多的炸药[1]。
19世纪末世界上最早的摩天大楼出现，同时也出现了拆除摩天大楼的需要，由于它们的高度拆除它们更加复杂。这也包括使用炸药查拆除它们时候的其它需要顾及的地方，比如工人和观众的安全以及减小附属破坏。
第二次世界大战后，欧洲的爆破专家拆除密集城市地区内损坏的建筑物，從而积累了许多实践经验来拆除巨大的建筑而不破坏附近的建筑[2]。这导致了20世纪后中叶爆破拆卸的成长和成熟。
2000年3月26日国王巨蛋的爆破建立了一个世界纪录[3]。
1997年堪培拉皇家医院爆破拆卸导致了一宗事故。主建筑没有完全拆卸，必须此后手动拆卸，而且爆炸导致的废墟飞出了500米远，飞到观众待的地方。一名12岁的女童當場死亡，另有九人受伤。在650米远处还发现了大块的墙壁和金属块。[4]。据事后调查由于爆破承包商爆破经验不足，使用了只适用于一般建筑结构的主体爆破，而非使用针对加强钢筋式建筑物的线性爆破，才导致了这宗事故的发生。[5]。
外部链接
爆破模拟 高级结构分析来预言爆破成效
- 美国爆破拆卸历史
- 爆破拆卸原理
- 爆破拆卸
参考资料
^ Dick Grogan. Pillars of the church may save the nave. The Irish Times, City Edition; Home News Section; From the South-East. 1997年6月11日: 2.
^ Brent Blanchard. A History of Explosive Demolition in America. Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique. International Society of Explosives Engineers: 27–44. 2002年2月. ISSN 0732-619X.
^ Controlled Demolition, Inc. Seattle Kingdome demolition （西雅图国王巨蛋爆破）. [2007年8月7日]. [永久失效連結]
^ Madden (ACT Coroner), Shane G. General Chronology and Overview. The Bender Coronial Decision. ACT Magistrates Court and Tribunals (Coroner's Court). 1999 [2007-03-07]. （原始内容存档于2009-06-09）.
^ 新浪宽频. 第十六集：澳洲市区定向爆破 误伤无辜群众. [2006年4月3日]. （原始内容存档于2014年1月16日）.
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